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YAPP

Effects of the exciting advances in computing technology reflected soon in engineering and designing and gave rise to a field under the name CAD (Computer Aided Design). Engineers, in this way, have been provided with a comprehensive and flexible tool for their hard and troublesome trials of design, which, formerly, they could realize only through pen and paper. Although, at the start, the matter has evolved, in engineering practice, most widely in the form of computerization and automatization of two and three dimensional drafting, presently the tremendous potentiality, gained through computers in the field of design and engineering is out of dispute.

It is hard today to imagine any design problem which is not possible to solve most effectively and rapidly by means of those "micro-computers" which are no more out of the reach of engineers, provided that they are equipped with the suitable software. But unfortunately the optimism ensured by this fact is under the shadow of another one; software production is an excessively time and painstaking process. Strange it seems but as if computers are resisting obstinately to be programmed. Computer architects are well aware of this and, to remove a serious drawback out of the way of a skyscraping technology, are fighting for the design of more software oriented computers. As these efforts, at least as yet, served most definitely to blur the since-long admitted sharp distinction between hardware and software, the reality that designing itself is some sort of a software problem, gets more and more concrete.

Thus it is a necessity that software production is an important field of technology and we are in this area since many years.

Equipped with a longing to realize the highway design projects, which we had undertaken against the State Department of Highways through computers, we found ourselves in a battle both frightening and exciting as well as interesting, where we had struggled with heaps of models of thought and design trials. But this struggle, meanwhile, has become for us a most valuable process where we had to think so deeply on the very nature and definition of the problems we were striving to solve and thus gained lots of highest grade experience. Hence we say programming is same as designing.

Today we have a package of software of our own creation by means of which we have reached a high degree of automatization and, starting with the least-square adjustment of traversing and control-point net works, can tackle almost any problem in Highway Design and all instances of drafting.

Yet, we don't maintain that the sole aim in using computers is to win from time and to reach the required result without effort. We neither believe that the computers are those slaves who create vacant times for their masters. The assertion that in some near future all the functions of mankind, including that of thinking, shall be delegated to computers leaving their creators in that longed leisure position should be accepted as some sort of speculation, at least as yet.

We think, instead that the main objective for the time being in computerization should more properly be to reach the perfection and precision. Thus, the results which were beyond the specifications and which were appreciated highly, we have obtained through our software, has been the only motivation for the long pains we have undertaken to create it.

The very software created to solve some sort of problem, is a high grade design which is pleasing and satisfying in itself and, as soon as completed, triggers off and motivates a new search which in someway exceeds it. This, then, is a chain-reaction that is going on.

We named our software as YAPP which is the capitals of "Highway Design and Surveying Package" in our own language. From above, then, it is clear that it is the name we have given to a self progressing effort.

In it's present version it is a highly object-oriented code comprising over 250000 C++ lines. We have never though of commercializing it and being only for internal use, we produced our designs and drawings almost exclusively through this software since nearly 10 years.

In what follows we say a few words about the modules making up YAPP and the tasks, which the software achieves or computer-aids to reach perfection. Some examples of the program outputs already appeared in this web site in connection with the explanations given therein. We continue to enhance this presentation with some further samples in parallel with the following account.

TRAVERSING AND CONTROL POINT NETWORKING

An extremely flexible module, which is fully visual and interactive when required. Presently great advances in survey equipment has made the classical yardsticks and specifications almost obsolete. The ease reached in angle and distant measuring brought a reachness of redundant readings of this kind abounding on computer desks. Our process of adjustment, which is based on the well known "Least square adjustment through indirect observations.” starts with this whole reachness and reduces, if the case necessities so, through elimination of possible blunders even down to whether any adjustment is possible at all. This information is conveyed to the user as it is and the adjustment partially, if left any, or in whole, is carried out. UTM projection coordinates are accompanied with precise plane calculations for field applications when required.

COGO (COORDINATE GEOMETRY)

To achieve the tasks described here the software is engined by a menu rich COGO and text-symbol-object manipulation modules, supported by macro construction tools which we dare classify as sophisticated and powerful. COGO is a module specifically developed with highway and interchange design and geometry in consideration. Fully interactive or programmable through the underlying LISP interpreter, any problem or construction with lines, circles, spirals and splines in highway design reduces nearly to nothing with this powerful utility.

MAPPING AND DTM

Mapping and Digital Terrain Modeling is at the base of any infrastructure design work, and in creating YAPP we have devoted years to arrive at a powerful and excelling module for such a basic task. Based on the well established "Triangulation Technique", contouring, detail mapping, digitizing existing maps, sectioning and perspective viewing are now routine works, we can easily realize well established through years.

Although customarily named as DTM this same module also helps visualize the excavated or finished surfaces as well as to reach functionally mature and esthetically pleasing solutions.

HIGHWAY AND INTERCHANGE DESIGN

Developed both for rehabilitation of existing facilities and design of fully new ones in consideration, this module is the result of and sums up our experience of over 13 years in the field. Among the numerous routines implementing a wealth of details and aspects, most prominent sub modules to be mentioned are:

• Route relocation on DTM. (Digitized or field acquired.)
• Route optimization coupled with immediate profiling, cross-sectioning and earthwork volume calculations.
• Road pavement and profile optimization in rehabilitation works.
• 3-D excavation, slope construction roadway and surface modeling.
• Visual cross-section programming of any kind.
• Interactive or programmable intersection and interchange design.
• Full and automatic mass transport optimization.
• Final standard and detail drafting.

LISP INTERPRETER

As the author of the package we continuously enlarge and enrich the well structured and "Object Oriented" hard code of the software. Yet, an all penetrating LISP interpreter developed by Mr.Yuksel Domanic as a highly customized dialect of Franz LISP with an versatile editor is ready to extend the capabilities and program almost any task for the creative user.